MICROARRAY EXPRESSION PROFILING IN THE USE OF NEW ORAL DRUGS FOR ANEMIA: AN APPLICATION TO DOPING DETECTION / 体力科学

Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes red blood cell production thereby raising oxygen transport ability. <i>Epo</i> gene expression is positively controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) through the HIF binding site in an <i>Epo</i> gene enhancer; and negatively controlled by GATA, which binds to the GATA site in the <i>Epo</i> gene promoter. Drugs that activate HIF (FG-2216) or inhibit GATA (K-11706) increase the production of EPO. Therefore, these drugs might be illicitly used to improve performance in sports as new doping practices. To develop a system for detecting such a doping strategy, we performed DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR to compare the effects of FG-2216^*, the derivative of FG-2216, and K-11706, on gene expression with that of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) or hypoxia in mice. Gene expression analysis in bone marrow cells showed increased expression of Lactoperoxidase (<i>Lpo</i>) only in the mice treated with K-11706, and decreased expression of Oncostatin M (<i>Osm</i>) with FG-2216^* or hypoxia, but not with K-11706. Results to date suggest that gene expression changes observed in using these drugs have the potential to yield novel biomarkers in a detection system for new illicit drug use.

Garré's Osteomyelitis of the Mandible Caused by an Infected Wisdom Tooth / Oral Science International

Garré's osteomyelitis is generally considered to be synonymous with chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis and occurs most commonly in the first molar region of the mandible. We report a case of Garré's osteomyelitis caused by the infected tooth-germ of a wisdom tooth. A 12-year-old boy had a swelling of the right cheek and his right mandibular second molar was covered by gingiva with pus retention. X-ray examination showed a radiolucent area around the impacted tooth-germ of the wisdom tooth and extracortical new bone at the angle of the mandible. After preoperative treatment with antibiotics, the tooth-germ and extracortical bone were removed. The antibiotics treatment was continued for 18 days postoperation. No recurrence of pain or swelling has been observed thereafter.